Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University (PhD level)

Founded in 1088, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna University is the oldest university in the world. It is now a leading Italian and European public research university, commonly ranking in the first places of Italian, European and international rankings both as a whole and for individual subjects. Bologna University saw the first woman to earn a university degree and teach at a university, Bettisia Gozzadini, and the first woman to earn a doctorate in science and to obtain a salaried position as university professor, Laura Bassi. Its alumni made the history of Italy and of the entire world. Some of them are, just to name a few: Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Pascoli, Luigi Galvani, Enzo Ferrari and many others.